An anti-freezing and anti-drying multifunctional gel electrolyte for flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted immense attention for flexible energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost. However, conventional aqueous ZIBs will undergo severe capacity loss at subzero temperature the inevitably freeze of electrolytes. In addition, under large bending or stretching strains, encapsulation would be damaged, which causes evaporation water in electrolytes results device failure. Herein, an anti-freezing anti-drying gel electrolyte based on polyacrylamide (PAM) glycerol (Gly) is developed. The strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between PAM Gly molecules not only avoid crystallization temperatures, but also constrain free restrict its evaporation. Therefore, such displays a ionic conductivity 9.65 × 10?5 S cm?1 ?40°C. Furthermore, it can dehydration process when exposed ambient environment. exhibit excellent electrochemical performance ?40°C without retain 98% initial condition after 30 days. This work provides route design devices.